The Swedish music miracle

1. Swedish music schools

Part of the answer is education. Songwriters Max Martin and Shellback cite the importance of municipal music and arts schools to their development and the free availability of technical equipment at adult education colleges.

2. Digital technology

Another reason is Sweden’s early advances in digital technology, something that has fostered many ground-breaking musical innovations. 

Streaming service giant Spotify was founded by Swedes Daniel Ek and Martin Lorenzon and remains headquartered in Stockholm. The Berlin-based artist platform Soundcloud is another Swedish creation, as is streaming competitor Tidal (today primarily American-owned). And several Swedish programmers were involved in building Beats Music, which later became Apple Music. 

Another rising player from Stockholm is Epidemic Sound, one of a wave of music companies providing easy access to original music for commercial users.

3. Swedish music, international outlook

Yet another factor is the small size of the Swedish market, which drives internationalisation. Being able to speak at least one foreign language is almost a prerequisite. Unlike many European countries, Sweden doesn’t dub English-language TV series and movies. This means Swedes hear English spoken on a daily basis. Swedes are also among the most avid travellers on the planet.

4. Melancholic melodies

Some things that shape Swedish culture are the long, dark winters and the contrast between city and country. The music is often characterised by strong, inspiring melodies with a melancholic undertone – a tradition began by ABBA, who took their cue from Swedish folk music. Tunes once whistled in the depths of a pine forest now echo worldwide.

24 MILESTONES OF SWEDISH MUSIC

1964: A jazz icon waltzes to immortality

It takes just four hours for singer Monica Zetterlund and the Bill Evans Trio to record one of the most critically acclaimed Swedish albums of all time. The jazz masterpiece Waltz for Debby launches a stellar career for Zetterlund. Today, more than 15 years after her death, Zetterlund has admirers across generations – ABBA’s Agnetha Fältskog, Nina Persson of The Cardigans and Zara Larsson are just three of them.

1974: Swedish pop gets its international breakthrough

Not everyone remembers that Swedish supergroup ABBA got their first international break via the Eurovision Song Contest in 1974. In the English city of Brighton, the world surrendered to the Swedish quartet's ‘Waterloo’ – a song that's been named the greatest Eurovision song of all time by BBC viewers.

That same year, Björn Skifs and his Blue Swede band hit number one in the US Billboard charts with ‘Hooked on a feeling’.

1976: Dance, jive and have the time of your life!

On 18 June, on the eve of the wedding between Sweden’s King Carl Gustaf and Silvia Sommerlath, a televised gala is held at the Royal Swedish Opera. The highlight is ABBA, dressed in 18th-century costumes, performing a brand-new song no one has heard before – a tribute to the King and his future Queen.

Two months later, the song is released as a single. ‘Dancing Queen’ goes on to become one of the most enduring hits in pop history.

1984: The first black metal album sees the light

Bathory’s self-titled debut is released. It is credited as an album that defined the black metal genre. With shrieking tempos, the Stockholm band takes darkness to a whole new depth. This, you could say, is Nordic noir before it became a crime fiction genre.

1986: ‘The Final Countdown’ begins its eternal journey

The glorious anthem of Swedish glam metal band Europe is released. It will roar to number one in 25 countries, and like a comet, it’s blazed a trail ever since. Attend any major sports event and there’s a good chance you’ll hear its rousing beat pumping from the stadium speakers.

1988: Cherry inspires girls to find their voice

A pregnant Neneh Cherry raps and sings her hit ‘Buffalo Stance’ on BBC’s Top of the Pops, which inspires countless young female fans to make their own music. Cherry’s blend of hip-hop, house and feminism has influenced many, not least Swedish acts such as Leila K and Robyn. In 2022, Robyn and rapper Mapei pay homage to Cherry with a re-imagined, swaggering version of the groundbreaking hit.

1990: Power ballad duo show their muscles

Roxette’s anthemic ‘It Must Have Been Love’ becomes the third of the Swedish duo’s four US number ones. Featured on the soundtrack to blockbuster comedy Pretty Woman, the song remains the band’s biggest hit and perhaps their best known tune.

1993: The Sign of things to come

Gothenburg band Ace of Base officially make it big in America as their debut album The Sign tops the US album charts. The album – a meld of reggae and Euro techno – spends six months in the top three and eventually sells 21 million copies worldwide. To date, it’s the second best-selling album from a Swedish act, surpassed only by the ABBA Gold hits collection.

1998: Video directing enters the spotlight

Madonna releases her single ‘Ray of Light’, with a video showing scenes from different cities around the world. Swedish music video director Jonas Åkerlund wins a Grammy for it, and the video also wins five MTV Video Music Awards. Swedish music producers, songwriters and video directors like Åkerlund have played a towering role in the last 30 years of popular culture.

1998: Foretelling the future of hardcore

As the straight edge subculture and lifestyle spread in the 1990s, hardcore band Refused helps put the northern Swedish city of Umeå on the world map. The band dissolves shortly after the prophetically titled album The Shape of Punk to Come is released, but many bands across the world are inspired by their music.

1999: ‘You wait 20 years for a dad, and then three come along at once.’

Everyone wants ABBA to make a musical based on the story of the group – except ABBA themselves, who would rather see a fictional narrative using their songs. So Catherine Johnson – a playwright from Bristol known for works about teenage pregnancy and working-class life – is hired to craft a story that ties together a selection of ABBA songs.

She sets the plot far from Sweden, on a sunny Greek island, and centers it on a single mother who doesn't know which of three men is the father of her daughter. The musical Mamma Mia! opens in 1999 – and is still playing in London’s West End 26 years later.

Worldwide, 70 million+ people have seen the stage musical, and in the summer of 2025, Mamma Mia re-opens on Broadway.

2000: Oops, he did it again – and again

With the hit song 'Oops! ...I Did It Again' Britney Spears reaches the top of the US Billboard charts once again thanks to the extraordinary talents of producer Max Martin. To date, this Swede has written/co-written 27 Billboard number ones, a feat surpassed only by Paul McCartney (32).

2008: Listening to music changes forever

The launch of Swedish streaming service Spotify transforms music listening. For years, the industry struggled with slumping record sales as consumers turned to file-sharing and illegal downloads. With Spotify, the first mass-market audio streaming platform arrives.

2011: Electronic dance music gains a new anthem

‘Levels’ by DJ/producer Avicii (1989–2018) takes electronic dance music to a new level. The catchy synth and innovative beat drop create a new type of radio hit and turns Avicii, then only 22, into a megastar. He becomes one of the first DJs to step up from clubs to arenas, erasing the boundaries between rave and concert.

In 2023, the now-deceased Avicii becomes the first Swedish artist to surpass 2 billion streams on Spotify with one tune – the classic 'Wake Me Up'.

2012: Pop and classical greats shine together

Swedish band First Aid Kit performs Paul Simon’s hit ‘America’ in front of the writer himself when he receives the Polar Music Prize in Stockholm. He gives the band a standing ovation.

The Polar Music Prize was first awarded in 1992 and has been described as the musical equivalent to the Nobel Prize. Two winners – one from pop/jazz, the other from classical music – usually share this annual award, which was founded by Stikkan Anderson (publicist, manager and occasional lyricist of ABBA).

2013: Cloud rap sweeps onto the stage

Swedish rapper Yung Lean is just 16 when his cloud rap songs burst into teenage bedrooms across the globe via YouTube and Soundcloud. Lean has since collaborated with the likes of Frank Ocean and Travis Scott, and is today hailed among the world’s most creative artists.

2019: New York’s subway filled with love and joy

New York’s 34th Street station transforms into a full-on dance party after singer Robyn's sold-out concert at Madison Square Garden. Subway riders and passers-by spontaneously bop to the tones of ‘Dancing on my own’. Rolling Stone ranks the tune as the 20th best song of all time.

2020: Uniting in euphoric exuberance

The Eurovision Song Contest is something of a Superbowl to Swedes. Both young and old get involved, and the country has won the competition more times than any nation, except Ireland. Fittingly enough, a couple of Swedes lend a musical hand to the parody movie Eurovision Song Contest: The Story of Fire Saga.

The film's title song ‘Husavik’ is sung by Swede Molly Sandén – under the stage name My Marianne – together with Will Ferrell. The composers of the song – Swedes Fat Max Gsus and Rickard Göransson and American Savan Kotecha – get nominated for Best Original Song at the Academy Awards in 2021.

2021: Mamma Mia, here they go again!

In 1981, ABBA release what everyone – including themselves – assume is their final album. But then 40 years later, almost to the day, ABBA stun the world with a comeback record – Voyage.

And to the delight of the fans, the following year, the band begins performing as digital ‘ABBAtars’, alongside a live band, at the purpose-built ABBA Arena in London. The group’s virtual selves have been created by George Lucas’ Industrial Light & Magic – with motion capture and CGI technology, just Yoda and Gollum.

2022: The country of Thor reigns in rock

At the American Music Awards, the big winner is Taylor Swift, no surprise there. Slightly more unexpected perhaps is the Favorite Rock Album winner – Swedish metal act Ghost, who beats the more mainstream names Coldplay, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Imagine Dragons, and Machine Gun Kelly on the night.

In metal circles, however, Ghost is a giant. The band – fronted by Tobias Forge disguised as a demonic anti-pope, backed by the Nameless Ghouls – has taken the world by storm with their mix of Nordic black metal imagery, stage productions worthy of The Phantom of the Opera and melodies influenced by ABBA and Queen.

2023: Loreen makes it two

At the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC) staged in Liverpool, the charismatic singer Loreen seals the win for Sweden with ‘Tattoo’. She becomes the first woman in history to win the ESC twice, having already won the event back in 2012 with ‘Euphoria’.

To date, Sweden has won the Eurovision Song Contest seven times – a record shared with Ireland.

2024: Multi-award-winning Swedish film music  

There have been more famous Swedes than Ludwig Göransson, but few can titulate themselves two-time Oscar winners. His music for Oppenheimer  (2023) – Christopher Nolan’s film about Oppenheimer’s role in the development of the atomic bomb – wins an Oscar for Best Original Score, and also a Golden Globe and a BAFTA. 

Back in 2019, Göransson won his first Oscar for his music in the superhero film Black Panther  (2018). That score also won him a Grammy Award. 

2025: Klang floors John Mayer

On his Sirius XM radio show, American superstar John Mayer is blown away by Sarah Klang’s ’Childhood’ and calls it ‘absolutely brilliant’. With its cinematic lyrics about drowning in painful childhood memories, the song is one of many where the Gothenburg-born Klang sings her heart out with raw emotion.

A two-time Swedish Grammy winner, Sarah Klang is now gaining serious international attention.

2025: Viagra Boys kick off their world tour

In April, post-punk provocateurs Viagra Boys launch their Infinite Anxiety Tour with two explosive shows at Coachella in California. It’s a tour that is keeping the Stockholm sextet seriously busy through March 2026 – with countless stops across Europe, North America, and Australia.

Viagra Boys have built a global cult following with their chaotic live shows and razor-sharp satire. Influenced by bands like The Stooges and Devo, they deliver a raw blend of street blues and post-punk, tackling themes like toxic masculinity, class, and consumer culture with absurdist flair. In 2021, punk godfather Iggy Pop named their album Welfare Jazz his favourite of the year, and he hasn’t stopped singing their praises since.

With frontman Sebastian Murphy’s unhinged stage presence, shirtless chaos, and signature snarl, it’s no surprise people draw a line straight from Iggy Pop to Viagra Boys.

This article was originally written by Swedish music journalist Jan Gradvall.